Variables:
Python:

x = 5
JavaScript:

let x = 5;

Functions:
Python:

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

result = add(3, 4)
JavaScript:

function add(a, b) {
    return a + b;
}

let result = add(3, 4);
Loops:
Python (for loop):

for i in range(5):
    print(i)
    
JavaScript (for loop):
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    console.log(i);
}

Python (while loop):
i = 0
while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1
JavaScript (while loop):

let i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    console.log(i);
    i += 1;
}
Conditionals:
Python:
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
elif x < 5:
    print("x is less than 5")
else:
    print("x is equal to 5")

JavaScript:
if (x > 5) {
    console.log("x is greater than 5");
} else if (x < 5) {
    console.log("x is less than 5");
} else {
    console.log("x is equal to 5");
}


Lists/Arrays:
Python:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[0])

JavaScript:
let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
console.log(fruits[0]);